Keeping fish can be incredibly rewarding, but there’s more to it than filling a tank with water and adding fish. A well-planned aquarium provides a safe, stable environment that keeps your fish healthy and thriving.

If you’re just starting out, here’s a step-by-step guide to setting up a beginner-friendly fish tank the right way.

1. Choose the Right Tank Size

It’s tempting to start small, but larger tanks are easier to maintain.

Beginner-friendly sizes:

  • 20–40 litres: Good for a few small fish (like guppies or tetras).
  • 60+ litres: Best for a community setup and easier water stability.

Tip: Avoid “fish bowls.” They’re too small to maintain safe water quality.

2. Select the Right Location

  • Place your tank on a sturdy, level surface.
  • Keep it away from direct sunlight (to prevent algae growth).
  • Avoid high-traffic areas to reduce stress for your fish.

3. Essential Equipment

To create a stable environment, you’ll need:

  • Filter: Keeps water clean and supports beneficial bacteria.
  • Heater: For tropical fish, maintain 24–26°C.
  • Lighting: For viewing and plant growth (if using live plants).
  • Water test kit: To monitor ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, and pH.

4. Cycle Your Tank Before Adding Fish

One of the biggest mistakes beginners make is adding fish too soon.

Cycling means establishing beneficial bacteria that break down waste. This usually takes 3–6 weeks.

How to do it:

  • Set up your tank with water, filter, and heater.
  • Add a source of ammonia (fish food or bottled ammonia).
  • Test regularly until ammonia and nitrite levels drop to 0 and nitrates are present.

5. Add Substrate, Decor & Plants

  • Substrate: Gravel or sand (rinse thoroughly before use).
  • Decor: Hides, caves, or driftwood give fish places to feel secure.
  • Plants: Live plants help maintain water quality and give fish natural enrichment.

6. Stocking Your Tank Safely

  • Research which fish are compatible before buying.
  • Follow the rule of 1 inch of fish per gallon (roughly 2.5cm per litre).
  • Add fish gradually to avoid overwhelming your filter.

7. Maintenance Routine

  • Weekly: Partial water changes (20–30%).
  • Daily: Check fish behaviour and equipment.
  • Monthly: Clean filter media (rinse in tank water, never tap water).

8. Patience Pays Off

A thriving aquarium doesn’t happen overnight. Take your time with cycling, stocking, and maintenance, and you’ll have a beautiful, healthy tank to enjoy for years.

Want more? Stay tuned for our guides on beginner-friendly fish species, easy live plants, and aquarium troubleshooting for common problems.